新建的臺北北警察署於1932年(昭和7年)8月8日破土興工，次1933年(昭和8年)4月15日興建完成，於臺北市大同區寧夏路與錦西街街口日治時期的蓬來町街區，由臺灣總督府官房營繕課設計，但承包施工也有臺籍人士參加。該棟建築為設於兩街口交接處的臨街兩層樓水泥建築，外觀呈流線形，入口設在轉彎處。有一對變體的西洋式柱子外牆所貼的褐色面磚為北投窯廠所產，這種顏色也稱為國防色，據說有防空保護色之作用。一樓設有扇形拘留室、水牢，見證警察之威權。

1945年後，臺北北警察署改制為臺北市警察局，臺北北警察署也歷經「刑警總隊」、「第一分局」與「大同分局」。1961年(民國50年)第一分局進駐增建南側及三樓部分，防水層年久失修，現況不佳，曾於1984年(民國73年)嚴重漏水大修，與一、二樓原建造物同時整修立面，換貼紅白兩色之二丁掛面磚及更換鋁窗。建築量體變更至2016年已逾50年。

1998年(民國87年)3月25日原臺北北警察署指定為臺北市市定古蹟，這座警察局是臺北市僅存的30年代警察局，有時代見證之價值；尤其室內還保有當年所建之拘留室及水牢，更能呈現警局的特殊空間。為利後續使用進行整體空間與設備的規劃與修復，2006年(民國95年)市府將其定位為「臺灣新文化運動紀念館」。

2013年(民國102年)5月23日臺北市政府文化局與警察局完成點交作業，舊館舍做為「臺灣新文化運動紀念館」使用，警察局遷至大同分局新館舍(現址隔壁)。

2014年(民國103年)01月01日市定古蹟原臺北北警察署封閉進行古蹟整修工程通知，開始為期三年的古蹟修復工程，將保存舊有空間格局並恢復日治時期北警署風貌，於2018年(民國107年)10月14日開館。

The construction of the North Taipei Police Station had started on August 8, 1932 and completed on April 15, 1933. The building of North Taipei Police Station was designed by the Construction Section of the Government-General of Taiwan. The building has a streamline shape and a gate on the corner. The brown titles on the cover of a pair of modified Western-style pillars were produced by the Beitou Kilns and have worked as camouflage against air bombing. There are a fan-shaped detention room and a water dungeon on the ground floor of the building of North Taipei Police Station as evidence of the police authority.

After 1945, the North Taipei Police Station has been re-organized into the Taipei City Police Department. The first post-1945 user of the building of former North Taipei Police Station was the Criminal Investigation Corps, which was followed by the Taipei City First Precinct and the Datong Police Precinct. The building of North Taipei Police Station was designed as a Taipei City heritage site on March 25, 1998, for it is the only remaining police building of 1930s in Taipei City. Particularly, the well-preserved detention room and water dungeon significantly demonstrate the characteristics of a police station. For further space utilization and facility maintenance, the Taipei City Government designated the building of North Taipei Police Station as the Taiwan New Cultural Movement Memorial Museum in 2006.

On January 1, 2014, the building of North Taipei Police Station was closed for three-year long heritage site renovation. After the space layout was restored to the style of Taiwan under Japanese rule, the former North Taipei Police Station building based Taiwan New Cultural Movement Memorial Museum opened on October 14, 2018.